The development of methods to assess production risk in conducting rescue operations (APP) at construction sites

Abstract

Goal. In our time there are emergency situation(es) that requires the rescue units of the emergency rescue operations (RDAs) in adverse weather conditions with dense housing, the compressed volume of areas, combustible gases and materials, ruined and dilapidated structures and elements of buildings, chaotically collapsed. The rescuers are working in extremely dangerous condi-tions with the risk of injury, including serious consequences, in particular for 2015 during the ARR was injured 60 rescuers, and 5 – deadly. Therefore, required is development of a methodology of quantification of their production risk, which will contribute to the improvement of the main methods and means of security to the APP. Methods. Provided that the physical state of a person during working time is changing in the direction of deterioration in the quality of performing mental and physical activities. For example, the probability of smooth execution person transactions for receiving information, evaluation and decision-making about the health subsystems, which it controlled, when the number of symptoms perceived by the operator at 5-6 and the time delay of their appearance in 15-40 C, is P(t) = 0,4470... 0,7830. You also need to take into account the fact that the requirements for the effectiveness of the actions of rescuers regarding the optimal use of the capabilities of the equipment and machinery are integral with the necessity of taking into account their individual characteristics and psychophysiology, as the most important in the control system. Therefore, in determining the risk in conducting rescue operations, it is necessary to consider not only the time to failure of technical systems that are used by the rescuers, and the probability of errorfree execution of the last production of functional actions, considering them
separately in the list of events and tree risks. Results. Studies have established the need to introduce in the composite definition of the probability of occurrence of an accident of a rescuer not only to failure of technical systems regarding the execution of the APP is, first and foremost, manual mechanized tools, communications, personal protection, fire fighting, etc.), and psychophysiological characteristics of rescuers. It is established that the existing indicators of timeliness and accuracy of activities of the operator, such as its running time between two failures, the number and intensity of failures for a specific period of time or work, do not fully define and reflect human activity. A degree of stability in respect of these indicators in different types and conditions of activities is a characteristic of the reliability of the operator. And so it reflects its errorfree operation and is determined by the probability of correct task solution. The scientific novelty and practical significance. Defines the list of the events leading to the failure of pneumatic lift while conducting emergency and rescue works, and the likelihood of their occurrence with the construction of the fault tree and reliability calculation of lift and justifies a list of events leading to bodily injury of the rescuer, to determine their probability with the construction "tree of risks" improved mathematical model for calculating the risk probability of "human failures" (errors) along with the probability of a "technical", for the first time calculated the production risk of the professional lifeguard